Crackdown on content: Digital experts push for online safety

Tolu Aiyegbusi

The National Information Technology Development Agency, has released the 2024 Code of Practice Compliance Report, detailing the recent shutdown of more than 13 million social media accounts.

While the agency cited offensive content and violations of Nigeria’s Code of Practice for online platforms as the reason for the crackdown, this action has triggered a wide range of reactions.

The move sparked concerns particularly among internet users, social media enthusiasts, and content creators about freedom of expression, potential censorship, and the impact on the livelihoods of those who depend on these platforms.

NAN reports that this report contained data submitted by major tech companies operating in Nigeria, including Google, Microsoft, and TikTok.

The submission of the 2024 compliance report under the Code of Practice for Interactive Computer Service Platforms and Internet Intermediaries, is a framework jointly issued by NITDA, the Nigerian Communications Commission, and the National Broadcasting Commission.

The Code outlines clear obligations for large service providers to register in Nigeria, comply with local laws, meet their tax obligations, and adopt measures to safeguard users from harmful online practices.

According to NITDA, the tech platforms deactivated a total of 13,597,057 account for violating Nigeria’s Code of Practice for online platforms, in addition, 420,439 contents were removed and later re-uploaded following successful appeals by creators.

According to the report, these platforms also removed over 58 million pieces of content judged to be harmful in compliance with the same code.

In a statement, NITDA’s Director of Corporate Communications and Media Relations, Hadiza Umar, said the submission of the reports was a significant step towards creating a safer and more responsible digital environment for Nigerians.

The agency commended Google, Microsoft and TikTok for their continued compliance, adding that the figures demonstrated the platforms’ commitment to maintaining a secure and trustworthy online space.

“The figures demonstrated the platforms’ commitment to maintaining a secure and trustworthy online space in line with the Code of Practice and their own community guidelines.

“Building a safer digital space requires sustained collaboration and engagement among all stakeholders.

“We remain committed to working with industry players, civil society, and regulatory partners to strengthen user safety measures, enhance digital literacy, and promote trust and transparency in Nigeria’s digital ecosystem,’’ she said.

The news of a massive account cleanup, therefore, elicits a mixed reaction with some welcoming the move and citing the need to curb cyberbullies, hate speech, and the spread of misinformation.

Many internet users have expressed believe that a safer online environment is crucial, especially for vulnerable populations with the relief that something is finally being done to curb the bad actors.

Some content creators are calling for greater dialogue with NITDA to establish clear guidelines and fair processes for content moderation while they explore other platforms to mitigate the risk of future shutdowns.

Others also argue that a more collaborative approach is needed to ensure that the Code of Practice does not stifle creativity and innovation is ensured.

Glory Rejoice, a Social Media enthusiast noted that the crackdown on the accounts highlights the relationship between the government, tech companies, and citizens over the control of Nigeria’s digital future.

She said this approach reflects a growing global trend where national governments are asserting greater sovereignty over the internet within their borders.

“It is emblematic of a broader global trend toward digital sovereignty.

“Nigeria’s stance mirrors efforts seen in countries like India, the EU, and China, where digital regulation is increasingly tied to national interests, be it security, economic control, or cultural preservation.

She urged tech companies to create a delicate balance act where they must navigate local laws while maintaining global standards and user trust.

An Internet user, Shaibu Paul said in navigating the complexities of online regulation, it is crucial for the government to strike a balance between promoting online safety and protecting freedom of expression.

He said this can be achieved by establishing clear guidelines and transparency in the enforcement of the Code of Practice.

“Additionally, engaging with stakeholders, including civil society organizations, tech companies, and citizens, can help ensure that the regulation of social media is done in a way that respects human rights.

“By doing so, the government can create a safer online environment that fosters creativity, innovation, and free expression, while also protecting citizens from online harm.

A Human and digital rights advocate, Paul Abaja who weighed in on the issue demanded more clarity on how accounts are identified for suspension or termination.

He said to strike a balance between promoting online safety and protecting freedom of expression, the government should establish clear guidelines and transparency in enforcing the Code of Practice.

“Nigeria’s digital future will depend on how these three forces, government, tech platforms, and citizens negotiate power, responsibility, and rights.

“A collaborative, transparent, and inclusive approach is essential to ensure that regulation doesn’t come at the cost of innovation or freedom,’’ he said.

He also called for the recognition of the economic and creative value of Nigeria’s digital community and protecting the livelihoods of those who depend on it.

“The internet should be a space where safety and freedom coexist not one where users must choose between the two.

“The crackdown may have started with numbers, but its impact is deeply human. If Nigeria can strike the right balance, it will set a global example in digital governance for how to regulate with integrity, empathy, and vision,’’ he said.

For content creators, the shutdowns have raised significant concerns about their livelihoods. Many Nigerian content creators rely on social media platforms to reach their audience, build their brand, and generate income.

The mass deactivation of accounts has created uncertainty and anxiety within the creative community with many fearing that their content could be next, leading to a loss of income and audience.

For instance, Femi Bada, a comedian known for his satirical skits on TikTok, who had his previous account suspended, in his appeal to NITDA wrote: “I am writing to formally appeal the suspension of my TikTok account.

Bada who operated a previous account via @FemiLaughs, which was deactivated as part of the recent mass shutdown said he believe his account was mistakenly flagged.

“While I understand NITDA’s commitment to enforcing the Code of Practice, My content is primarily satirical and aims to provide social commentary through humor.

“I have never knowingly violated the Code of Practice by engaging in hate speech, cyberbullying, or the spread of misinformation.

“I respectfully request that my account activity is reviewed and specific examples of content that led to the suspension is provided. Without this information, it is impossible for me to address any perceived violations.

“Am committed to adhering to the Code of Practice and would appreciate the opportunity to rectify any unintentional breaches.

He noted that the suspension of my account his significantly impacted his ability to earn a living and connect with my audience.”

Before his account was suspended, Bada said he earned an average of ₦ 150,000 per month through sponsored posts and brand partnerships on the platform.

“I had a major campaign lined up with an upcoming telecommunications company that was supposed to start before the crackdowns,” Bada said.

According to Aisha Bala, a vlogger and content Creator with over 500,000 followers on Instagram “This move is really scary for those of us who depend on social media to earn a living.

“I understand the need to regulate harmful content, but shutting down millions of accounts is scary. It suggests that some are being punished for the actions of a few bad actors.

Bala who doubles as a lawyer also said such moves should go beyond executive directives and called for a legislation protecting citizens, creators, and the integrity of our digital ecosystem.

“This will deal with sentiments and broader concerns within the content creation community about the potential for overreach,’’ she said.

She said a democratically enacted law would ensure that content regulation is not only transparent but also constitutionally sound.

“It would provide clear definitions of prohibited content, establish independent oversight mechanisms.’’

“Most importantly, it would invite public participation giving civil society, legal experts, and everyday Nigerians a voice in shaping the rules that govern their online lives.’’

She said the internet is no longer a fringe space, it is central to our economy, our culture, and our democracy.

“It deserves laws that reflect its importance and protect its potential. The time for piecemeal regulation is over.’’

“The National Assembly must take up this challenge and deliver a comprehensive, digital governance framework that serves all Nigerians,’’ she said.